Patch类及其子类

from matplotlib.patches import Patch, 

                               Rectangle, 
                               Polygon, 
                               Wedge, 
                               Shadow,

                               FancyBboxPatch, 
                               BoxStyle, 

                               FancyArrowPatch, 
                               ArrowStyle, 
                               ConnectionStyle, 


from matplotlib.path import Path

Patch父类

matplotlib.patches.Patch — Matplotlib 3.10.0 documentation

Hatch style reference — Matplotlib 3.10.1 documentation

Patch(transform=ax.transAxes,   # (1)!

      fill=True,                # (2)!
      facecolor="red",          # (3)!
      linestyle="--",           # (4)!
      linewidth=10,             # (5)!
      antialiased=False,        # (6)!
      capstyle="round",         # (7)!
      joinstyle="bevel",        # (8)!
      hatch="+",                # (9)!
      hatch_linewidth=2,        # (10)!
      edgecolor="blue",         # (11)!
      # color="red",            (12)
      alpha=1,                  # (13)!

      label="Patch",            # (14)!
      gid="1",                  # (15)!
      visible=True,             # (16)!
      zorder=1,                 # (17)!
      rasterized=True,          # (18)!
      in_layout=True            # (19)!
      )

1. 参考坐标系
2. 是否填充
3. 填充色(facecolor/fc)
4. 边框线型(linestyle/ls)
5. 边框线宽(linewidth/lw)
6. 边框线抗锯齿渲染(antialiased/aa)
7. 边框线端点样式： 可选'butt'（默认）, 'projecting', 'round'（FancyArrowPatch子类默认）
8. 边框线转折样式： 可选'miter'（默认）, 'round'（FancyArrowPatch子类默认）, 'bevel'
9. 框内线型：可选'/', '\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', 'o', 'O', '.', '*'，可组合重复
10. 框内线宽
11. 边框线及框内线色(edgecolor/ec)
12. 覆盖facecolor和edgecolor
13. 透明度
14. 标签（用于图例）
15. group id
16. 是否可见
17. 绘制优先级：值越低越优先
18. 强制栅格化（bitmap）绘图以进行矢量图形输出
19. 是否包含在layout计算中

Rectangle子类

matplotlib.patches.Rectangle — Matplotlib 3.10.1 documentation

通过锚点 xy 及其width和height定义的矩形。矩形在 x 方向上从 xy[0] 延伸到 xy[0] + width ，在 y 方向上从 xy[1] 延伸到 xy[1] + height 。可以将 xy 视为左下角，但 xy 实际上是哪个角取决于轴的方向和宽度和高度的符号；例如，如果 x 轴被反转或宽度为负，则 xy 将是右下角。

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8), dpi=100, layout="constrained")
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

patch = Rectangle(xy=(0.2, 0.2),                # (1)!
                  width=0.2,                    # (2)!
                  height=0.2,                   # (3)!
                  transform=ax.transAxes,       # (4)!
                  rotation_point=(0.3, 0.2),    # (5)!
                  angle=45,                     # (6)!

                  # Patch父类参数
                  facecolor="red",
                  linestyle="--",
                  linewidth=2,
                  hatch="/",
                  hatch_linewidth=2,
                  edgecolor="green", 
                  alpha=0.5
                  )
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.grid()

plt.show()

1. 左下角锚点坐标（具体取决于axis的方向以及width、height参数的正负）
2. 宽度
3. 高度
4. 参考坐标系
5. 旋转中心坐标：可选'xy'(默认), 'center', 坐标(x, y)
6. 绕旋转中心逆时针旋转角度（°）

Polygon子类

matplotlib.patches.Polygon — Matplotlib 3.10.1 documentation

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8), dpi=100, layout="constrained")
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

patch = Polygon(xy=[[0.1, 0.1], [0.1, 0.2], [0.2, 0.2], [0.2, 0.1], [0.6, 0.2]],    # (1)!
                closed=True,                                                        # (2)!

                # Patch父类参数
                facecolor="red",
                linestyle="--",
                linewidth=2,
                hatch="/",
                hatch_linewidth=2,
                edgecolor="green",
                alpha=0.5
                )
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.grid()

plt.show()

1. 多边形节点坐标数组
2. 是否绘制封闭线

Wedge子类

matplotlib.patches.Wedge — Matplotlib 3.10.1 documentation

一个以 x, y (center)为中心，半径为r的扇形，从theta1逆时针扫到theta2（以°为单位）。如果给出了width，则从内径r-width到外径r绘制部分扇形。

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8), dpi=100, layout="constrained")
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

patch = Wedge(center=(0.5, 0.5),    # (1)!
              r=0.5,                # (2)!
              theta1=45,            # (3)!
              theta2=135,           # (4)!
              width=0.3,            # (5)!

              # Patch父类参数
              facecolor="red",
              linestyle="--",
              linewidth=2,
              hatch="/",
              hatch_linewidth=2,
              edgecolor="green",
              alpha=0.5
              )
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.grid()

plt.show()

1. 扇形中心
2. 半径
3. 起始角度
4. 终止角度
5. 宽度

Shadow子类

matplotlib.patches.Shadow — Matplotlib 3.10.1 documentation

创建给定补丁的阴影。默认情况下，阴影将与补丁具有相同的面颜色，但会变暗。可以通过 shade 参数控制暗度。

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8), dpi=100, layout="constrained")
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

patch = Wedge(center=(0.5, 0.5),
              r=0.5,
              theta1=45,
              theta2=135,
              width=0.3,

              # Patch父类参数
              facecolor="red",
              linestyle="--",
              linewidth=2,
              hatch="/",
              hatch_linewidth=2,
              edgecolor="green",
              alpha=0.5
              )
ax.add_patch(patch)

patch = Shadow(patch,        # (1)!
               ox=0.1,       # (2)!
               oy=-0.1,      # (3)!
               shade=0.2,    # (4)!

               # Patch父类参数
               # facecolor="red",
               linestyle="--",
               linewidth=2,
               hatch="/",
               hatch_linewidth=2,
               edgecolor="green",
               alpha=0.5
               )
ax.add_patch(patch)

ax.grid()
plt.show()

1. 待创建阴影的补丁
2. 数据坐标中阴影的偏移量，按 dpi/72 的比例缩放
3. 数据坐标中阴影的偏移量，按 dpi/72 的比例缩放
4. 阴影的深浅与原始颜色之间的关系。如果为 1，则阴影为黑色；如果为 0，则阴影与补丁颜色相同

StepPatch子类

matplotlib.patches.StepPatch — Matplotlib 3.10.1 documentation

FancyBboxPatch子类

matplotlib.patches.FancyBboxPatch — Matplotlib 3.10.0 documentation

matplotlib.patches.BoxStyle — Matplotlib 3.10.0 documentation

Drawing fancy boxes — Matplotlib 3.10.1 documentation

"square, pad=0.3" == BoxStyle.Square(pad=0.3) == BoxStyle("square", pad=0.3) == BoxStyle("square, pad=0.3")

BoxStyle

BoxStyle子类	名称	属性
BoxStyle.Square()	"square"	pad=0.3
BoxStyle.Circle()	"circle"
BoxStyle.Ellipse()	"ellipse"
BoxStyle.LArrow()	"larrow"
BoxStyle.RArrow()	"rarrow"
BoxStyle.DArrow()	"darrow"
BoxStyle.Round()	"round"	pad=0.3, rounding_size=pad
BoxStyle.Round4()	"round4"	pad=0.3, rounding_size=pad/2
BoxStyle.Sawtooth()	"sawtooth"	pad=0.3, tooth_size=pad/2
BoxStyle.Roundtooth()	"roundtooth"

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8), dpi=100, layout="constrained")
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

"""
fancy box实际属性值（如pad）：
    水平方向：pad = mutation_scale x pad
    垂直方向：pad = mutation_aspect x mutation_scale x pad
"""
patch = FancyBboxPatch(xy=(0.4, 0.4),                 # (1)!
                       width=0.1,                     # (2)!
                       height=0.1,                    # (3)!
                       transform=ax.transAxes,        # (4)!
                       boxstyle="square, pad=0.1",    # (5)!
                       mutation_scale=0.5,
                       mutation_aspect=2,

                       # Patch父类参数
                       facecolor="red",
                       linestyle="--",
                       linewidth=2,
                       hatch="/",
                       hatch_linewidth=2,
                       edgecolor="green",
                       alpha=0.5
                       )
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.grid()

plt.show()

1. 左下角坐标
2. 宽度
3. 高度
4. 参考坐标系统
5. fancy box类型及属性

FancyArrowPatch子类

matplotlib.patches.FancyArrowPatch — Matplotlib 3.10.0 documentation

matplotlib.patches.ArrowStyle — Matplotlib 3.10.0 documentation

matplotlib.patches.ConnectionStyle — Matplotlib 3.10.0 documentation

ArrowStyleConnectionStyle

"|-|, widthA=20, widthB=20, angleA=45, angleB=45" == ArrowStyle("|-|, widthA=20, widthB=20, angleA=45, angleB=45") == ArrowStyle("|-|", widthA=20, widthB=20, angleA=45, angleB=45) == ArrowStyle.BarAB(widthA=20, widthB=20, angleA=45, angleB=45)

ArrowStyle

ArrowStyle子类	名称	属性
ArrowStyle.Curve()	"-"	None
ArrowStyle.CurveA()	"<-"	head_length=0.4, head_width=0.2, widthA=1.0, widthB=1.0, lengthA=0.2, lengthB=0.2, angleA=0, angleB=0, scaleA=mutation_size, scaleB=mutation_size
ArrowStyle.CurveB()	"->"
ArrowStyle.CurveAB()	"<->"
ArrowStyle.CurveFilledA()	"<|-"
ArrowStyle.CurveFilledB()	"-|>"
ArrowStyle.CurveFilledAB()	"<|-|>"
ArrowStyle.BracketA()	"]-"	widthA=1.0, widthB=1.0, lengthA=0.2, lengthB=0.2, angleA=0, angleB=0
ArrowStyle.BracketB()	"-["
ArrowStyle.BracketAB()	"]-["
ArrowStyle.BarAB()	"|-|"	widthA=1.0, widthB=1.0, angleA=0, angleB=0
ArrowStyle.BracketCurve()	"]->"	widthA=1.0, lengthA=0.2, angleA=0
ArrowStyle.CurveBracket()	"<-["	widthB=1.0, lengthB=0.2, angleB=0
ArrowStyle.Simple()	"simple" (默认)	head_length=0.5, head_width=0.5, tail_width=0.2
ArrowStyle.Fancy()	"fancy"	head_length=0.4, head_width=0.4, tail_width=0.4
ArrowStyle.Wedge()	"wedge"	tail_width=0.3, shrink_factor=0.5

"arc3, rad=1" == ConnectionStyle("arc3, rad=1") == ConnectionStyle("arc3", rad=1) == ConnectionStyle.Arc3(rad=1)

ConnectionStyle

ConnectionStyle子类	名称	属性
ConnectionStyle.Arc3()	"arc3" (默认)	rad=0.0
ConnectionStyle.Arc()	"arc"	angleA=0, angleB=0, armA=None, armB=None, rad=0.0
ConnectionStyle.Angle3()	"angle3"	angleA=90, angleB=0
ConnectionStyle.Angle()	"angle"	angleA=90, angleB=0, rad=0.0
ConnectionStyle.Bar()	"bar"	armA=0.0, armB=0.0, fraction=0.3, angle=None

---

根据路径创建根据目标创建

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8), dpi=100, layout="constrained")
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

patch = FancyArrowPatch(path=Path([(0.2, 0.2), (0.4, 0), (0.6, 0.4)], (1, 3, 2)),                # (1)!
                        arrowstyle="simple, head_length=20, head_width=20, tail_width=20",       # (2)!
                        connectionstyle="arc3, rad=0",                                           # (3)!
                        # mutation_scale=0.5,
                        # mutation_aspect=2,

                        # Patch父类参数
                        facecolor="red",
                        linestyle="--",
                        linewidth=2,
                        hatch="/",
                        hatch_linewidth=2,
                        edgecolor="green",
                        alpha=0.5
                        )
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.grid()

plt.show()

1. 路径
2. 箭样式
3. 连接线样式

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8), dpi=100, layout="constrained")
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

patch = FancyArrowPatch(posA=(0.2, 0.2),                                                         # (1)!
                        posB=(0.4, 0.4),                                                         # (2)!
                        arrowstyle="simple, head_length=20, head_width=20, tail_width=20",       # (3)!
                        connectionstyle="arc3, rad=1",                                           # (4)!
                        # patchA=None,                                                           (5)
                        # patchB=None,                                                           (6)
                        shrinkA=20,                                                              # (7)!
                        shrinkB=20,                                                              # (8)!
                        # mutation_scale=0.5,
                        # mutation_aspect=2,

                        # Patch父类参数
                        facecolor="red",
                        linestyle="--",
                        linewidth=2,
                        hatch="/",
                        hatch_linewidth=2,
                        edgecolor="green",
                        alpha=0.5
                        )
ax.add_patch(patch)
ax.grid()

plt.show()

1. 箭尾坐标
2. 箭头坐标
3. 箭样式
4. 连接线样式
5. 箭尾Patch
6. 箭头Patch
7. 箭尾缩短
8. 箭头缩短

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